| V-204676 | High | AAA Services must be configured to not accept certificates that have been revoked for PKI-based authentication. | Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted.
A trust anchor is an authoritative... |
| V-204672 | High | AAA Services must be configured to encrypt transmitted credentials using a FIPS-validated cryptographic module. | Passwords need to be protected at all times and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-204657 | High | AAA Services must be configured to use secure protocols when connecting to directory services. | Authenticity protection provides protection against man-in-the-middle attacks/session hijacking and the insertion of false information into sessions.
Application communication sessions are... |
| V-204658 | High | AAA Services must be configured to use protocols that encrypt credentials when authenticating clients, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | Authentication protection of the client credentials (specifically the password or shared secret) prevents unauthorized access to resources. The RADIUS protocol encrypts the password field in the... |
| V-204671 | High | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to store passwords using an approved salted key derivation function, preferably using a keyed hash. | Passwords must be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily... |
| V-204660 | High | AAA Services must be configured to uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users. | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Organizational... |
| V-204675 | High | AAA Services must be configured to only accept certificates issued by a DoD-approved Certificate Authority for PKI-based authentication. | Without path validation, an informed trust decision by the relying party cannot be made when presented with any certificate not already explicitly trusted.
A trust anchor is an authoritative... |
| V-204679 | High | AAA Services must be configured to protect the confidentiality and integrity of all information at rest. | Information at rest refers to the state of information when it is located on a secondary storage device (e.g., disk drive and tape drive) within an organizational information system. Mobile... |
| V-204687 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to notify system administrators (SAs) and information system security officer (ISSO) of account enabling actions. | Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply... |
| V-204686 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically audit account enabling actions. | Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply... |
| V-204685 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to notify the system administrators (SAs) and information system security officer (ISSO) for account removal actions. | When application accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of... |
| V-204684 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to notify the system administrators (SAs) and information system security officer (ISSO) for account disabling actions. | When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending... |
| V-204683 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to notify the system administrators (SAs) and information system security officer (ISSO) when accounts are modified. | When application accounts are modified, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending... |
| V-204682 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to notify the system administrators (SAs) and information system security officer (ISSO) when accounts are created. | Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply... |
| V-263528 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to disable accounts when the accounts are no longer associated to a user. | Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality, which reduce the attack surface of the system. |
| V-204670 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to require the change of at least eight of the total number of characters when passwords are changed. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Use of a complex password helps to increase the time... |
| V-204689 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to maintain locks on user accounts until released by an administrator. | By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account. |
| V-263536 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to allow user selection of long passwords and passphrases, including spaces and all printable characters. | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263537 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to employ automated tools to assist the user in selecting strong password authenticators. | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263534 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to verify when users create or update passwords, and that the passwords are not on the list of commonly-used, expected, or compromised passwords in IA-5 (1) (a). | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263535 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to require immediate selection of a new password upon account recovery. | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263532 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to update the list of passwords on an organization-defined frequency. | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263533 | Medium | For password-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to update the list of passwords when organizational passwords are suspected to have been compromised directly or indirectly. | Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter... |
| V-263530 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically generate audit records of the enforcement actions. | Organizations log system accesses associated with applying configuration changes to ensure that configuration change control is implemented and to support after-the-fact actions should... |
| V-263531 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to require users to be individually authenticated before granting access to the shared accounts or resources. | Individual authentication prior to shared group authentication mitigates the risk of using group accounts or authenticators. |
| V-204645 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to audit each authentication and authorization transaction. | Without the capability to generate audit records, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one.
Audit... |
| V-263538 | Medium | For public key-based authentication, AAA Services must be configured to implement a local cache of revocation data to support path discovery and validation. | Public key cryptography is a valid authentication mechanism for individuals, machines, and devices. For PKI solutions, status information for certification paths includes certificate revocation... |
| V-263539 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to include only approved trust anchors in trust stores or certificate stores managed by the organization. | Public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates are certificates with visibility external to organizational systems and certificates related to the internal operations of systems, such as... |
| V-204650 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify the outcome of the events. | Without information about the outcome of events, security personnel cannot make an accurate assessment as to whether an attack was successful or if changes were made to the security state of the... |
| V-204636 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to provide automated account management functions. | Enterprise environments make account management challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or other error. A comprehensive... |
| V-204637 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically remove temporary user accounts after 72 hours. | When temporary user accounts remain active after no longer needed or for an excessive period, these accounts may be used to gain unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, automated termination... |
| V-204651 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify any individual user or process associated with the event. | Without information that establishes the identity of the subjects (i.e., users or processes acting on behalf of users) associated with the events, security personnel cannot determine... |
| V-204638 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically remove authorizations for temporary user accounts after 72 hours. | When temporary user accounts remain active after no longer needed or for an excessive period, these accounts may be used to gain unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, automated termination... |
| V-204639 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically disable accounts after a 35-day period of account inactivity. | Attackers that are able to exploit an inactive account can potentially obtain and maintain undetected access to an application. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access... |
| V-204652 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to alert the SA and ISSO when any audit processing failure occurs. | It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an... |
| V-204677 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce authorized access to the corresponding private key for PKI-based authentication. | If the private key is discovered, an attacker can use the key to authenticate as an authorized user and gain access to the network infrastructure.
The cornerstone of the PKI is the private key... |
| V-204674 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction. | Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked; therefore, passwords must be changed at specific intervals.
One method of minimizing this risk is to use complex passwords and... |
| V-204653 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to generate audit records overwriting the oldest audit records in a first-in-first-out manner. | It is critical that when AAA Services are at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, they take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include software/hardware... |
| V-204655 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to use internal system clocks to generate time stamps for audit records. | Without an internal clock used as the reference for the time stored on each event to provide a trusted common reference for the time, forensic analysis would be impeded. Determining the correct... |
| V-204656 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to disable non-essential modules. | It is detrimental for applications to provide, or install by default, functionality exceeding requirements or mission objectives. These unnecessary capabilities or services are often overlooked... |
| V-204654 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to queue audit records locally until communication is restored when any audit processing failure occurs. | It is critical that when AAA Services are at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include software/hardware errors,... |
| V-204647 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify when (date and time) the events occurred. | Without establishing when events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident.
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment, and... |
| V-204678 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to map the authenticated identity to the user account for PKI-based authentication. | Without mapping the certificate used to authenticate to the user account, the ability to determine the identity of the individual user or group will not be available for forensic analysis. |
| V-204673 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce 24 hours as the minimum password lifetime. | Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement.
Restricting this setting limits the user's ability... |
| V-263529 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to disable accounts when the accounts are in violation of organizational policy. | Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality, which reduce the attack surface of the system. |
| V-204696 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to authenticate all NTP messages received from NTP servers and peers. | Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when... |
| V-204690 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to send audit records to a centralized audit server. | Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration.
Off-loading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity. |
| V-204691 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to use or map to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to record time stamps for audit records. | If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-204692 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured with a minimum granularity of one second to record time stamps for audit records. | Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records.
Time stamps generated by the application include date and time.... |
| V-204693 | Medium | AAA Services used for 802.1x must be configured to authenticate network endpoint devices (supplicants) before the authenticator establishes any connection. | Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity.
For distributed architectures (e.g., service-oriented architectures),... |
| V-204698 | Medium | AAA Services used for 802.1x must be configured to use secure Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), such as EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and PEAP. | Additional new EAP methods/types are still being proposed. However, the three being considered secure are EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and PEAP. PEAP is the preferred EAP type to be used in DoD for its... |
| V-204699 | Medium | AAA Services must not be configured with shared accounts. | Shared accounts configured for use on a network device do not allow for accountability or repudiation of individuals using them. If shared accounts are not changed when someone leaves the group,... |
| V-263527 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to disable accounts when the accounts have expired. | Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality, which reduce the attack surface of the system. |
| V-204646 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify what type of events occurred. | Without establishing what type of event occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one.
Audit... |
| V-204659 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of organization-defined functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments. | In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must... |
| V-204641 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically audit account modification. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply modify... |
| V-204669 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Use of a complex password helps to increase the time... |
| V-204668 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Use of a complex password helps to increase the time... |
| V-204648 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify where the events occurred. | Without establishing where events occurred, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident.
In order to compile an accurate risk assessment, and... |
| V-204680 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to prevent automatically removing emergency accounts. | Emergency accounts are administrator accounts that are established in response to crisis situations where the need for rapid account activation is required. Therefore, emergency account activation... |
| V-204661 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to require multifactor authentication using Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials for authenticating privileged user accounts. | Without the use of multifactor authentication, the ease of access to privileged functions is greatly increased.
Multifactor authentication requires using two or more factors to achieve... |
| V-204663 | Medium | AAA Services used for 802.1x must be configured to uniquely identify network endpoints (supplicants) before the authenticator establishes any connection. | Without identifying devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity.
For distributed architectures (e.g., service-oriented architectures), the... |
| V-204662 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to require multifactor authentication using Common Access Card (CAC) Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials for authenticating non-privileged user accounts. | To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, non-privileged users must utilize multifactor authentication to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
Multifactor... |
| V-204664 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce a minimum 15-character password length. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to... |
| V-204667 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lowercase character be used. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Use of a complex password helps to increase the time... |
| V-204666 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one uppercase character be used. | Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Use of a complex password helps to increase the time... |
| V-204643 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically audit account removal actions. | When application accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to remove authorized accounts to disrupt... |
| V-204642 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically audit account disabling actions. | When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to disable authorized accounts to disrupt... |
| V-204704 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs. | Configuring the application to implement organization-wide security implementation guides and security checklists ensures compliance with federal standards and establishes a common security... |
| V-204640 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically audit account creation. | Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply create... |
| V-204702 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to use IP segments separate from production VLAN IP segments. | When policy assessment and remediation have been implemented and the advanced AAA server dynamic VLAN is misconfigured, logical separation of the production VLAN may not be assured.
Non-trusted... |
| V-204703 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to place non-authenticated network access requests in the Unauthorized VLAN or the Guest VLAN with limited access. | Devices having an IP address that do not pass authentication can be used to attack compliant devices if they share VLANs. When devices proceed into the NAC AAA (radius) functions they must... |
| V-204700 | Medium | AAA Services used to authenticate privileged users for device management must be configured to connect to the management network. | Using standardized authentication protocols such as RADIUS, TACACS+, and Kerberos, an authentication server provides centralized and robust authentication services for the management of network... |
| V-204701 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to use a unique shared secret for communication (i.e. RADIUS, TACACS+) with clients requesting authentication services. | Using standardized authentication protocols such as RADIUS, TACACS+, and Kerberos, an authentication server provides centralized and robust authentication services for the management of network... |
| V-204649 | Medium | AAA Services configuration audit records must identify the source of the events. | Without establishing the source of the event, it is impossible to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack.
In addition to logging where events occur... |
| V-204644 | Medium | AAA Services must be configured to automatically lock user accounts after three consecutive invalid logon attempts within a 15-minute time period. | By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account. |
| V-204681 | Low | AAA Services must be configured to prevent automatically disabling emergency accounts. | Emergency accounts are administrator accounts that are established in response to crisis situations where the need for rapid account activation is required. Therefore, emergency account activation... |
| V-204695 | Low | AAA Services must be configured to use at least two NTP servers to synchronize time. | Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when... |
| V-204697 | Low | AAA Services must be configured to use their loopback or OOB management interface address as the source address when originating NTP traffic. | Inaccurate time stamps make it more difficult to correlate events and can lead to an inaccurate analysis. Determining the correct time a particular event occurred on a system is critical when... |
